Carbon

Definition: A widely distributive element that forms organic compounds in combination with hydrogen, oxygen, ect., and that occurs in a pure state as diamond and graphite, and in an impure state as charcoal.

When Found: Dating back to ancient times. Recognized as an element in the 17th century. 1772

Found By: Antoine Lavoisier

Where Found: Paris, France

Symbol: C

Atomic Mass: 12.011

Atomic Number: 6

Density:
 * Graphite- 2.267 grams per centimeter cubed
 * Diamond- 3.515 grams per centimeter cubed

Boiling Point: 8720.6 degrees farrenhite

Freezing/Melting Point: 6332.o degrees ferrenhite

Color:
 * Graphite- Soft and Grey
 * Diamond- Hard and Clear
 * Coal- Hard and Black

Coal Products: Electron Configuration: 1s sq. 2s sq. 2p sq.
 * Ammonia Liquid
 * Coke
 * Tar
 * Gas
 * Soap
 * Compressed Charcoal
 * Tungsten Carbide Milling Bits

Ionic Charges: 4-

Heat of Fusion: Graphite- 117 kJ mol

Heat of Vaporization: 710.9 kJ mol

Metal or Non-Metal: Non-Metal

State of Matter on Earth: Found on earth combined with oxygen as the gas CO2, as a pure crystal, solid as a diamond, as a planar solid form as graphite, or combined with other elements in organic material such as wood, coal, protiens ect. ect., and as calcium carbonate in rocks such as limestone or marble.

Common Compunds of Carbon: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as a gas Carbon Monoxide (CO) Carbon Disulfide (CS2) Chloroform (CHCl3 ) Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Methane (CH4) Ethylene (C2H4) Acetylene (C2H2) Benzene (C6H6) Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH) Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)

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Other Reference: The DK Science Encyclopedia DK Publishing Senior Editor: Susan McKeever Pages Used: 40 & 96